A better way to protect beans from white mould

In 2017, all dry bean seed brought to Alberta was treated with a product known as Heads Up®. Research funded by APG and others helped make this advance possible.

Until this year, the agronomic package for dry bean production in Southern Alberta might have been described as a case of two out of three ain’t bad.

That’s according to Michael Harding, Brooks-based Research Scientist, Plant Pathology, with Alberta Agriculture and Forestry.

“We now have good early-maturing, high-yielding varieties,” Harding said, “and pretty good tools for weed control. But disease has continued to be an issue. In most years, white mould is the biggest or one of the biggest constraints to dry bean production in southern Alberta.”

In 2013, Harding and a team of researchers embarked on a four-year study to evaluate foliar fungicides for controlling white mould in dry beans.

Among the products for testing was one that was unique. It was a product derived from saponins from a plant called Chenopodium quinoa, and had been brought to Harding by an agribusiness entrepreneur who’d wanted to see if it provided a white mould response and hoped to find a market for it.

“It’s a product that’s normally applied as a seed treatment,” Harding said. “White mould usually comes in July or August, so it was hard to imagine it would be effective. It turned out to have a significant effect, possibly due to a phenomenon known as resistance priming. You can prime the plant to use its own natural resistance to the disease. It’s a different way of poking at the problem.”

A new approach on white mould

Through four years of trials at Brooks and Lethbridge, Heads Up® often outperformed the other products. Before long, Harding’s results had helped complete a package of performance data that would ultimately support its registration.

The product, now known commercially as Heads Up® Plant Protectant, was used to treat all dry bean seed brought to Alberta by Viterra in 2017.

“We were looking at fungicides for the management of white mould, but we weren’t seeing a transformation in the ability to control white mould,” Harding said. “That one product showed significant improvement in most years, or a trend to improvement in others. Normally we’d start in the lab and the greenhouse and do growth cabinet trials. In this case, we clearly saw the potential of this product and fast-tracked it to small plot trials.”

Another component of this study looked at the use of micro-nutrients within a white mould management program. Despite flashes of performance, no configuration performed consistently enough to offer a real advantage, in Harding’s eyes.

Still, this 2013-16 study helped bring dry bean growers a piece of the agronomic puzzle they’ve long lacked: a new way to manage white mould.

“Part of our job is to try things out so the growers don’t have to, so there’s less risk for them,” Harding said. “That’s the purpose. We tried a product out and it was adopted by industry. In that sense, it’s one of those projects that has been really satisfying.”

Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) is being re-visited by several dry bean breeding programs as a source of tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. It is already the source of tolerance to common bacterial blight used by all North American breeders. In the field last summer, we observed halo blight and bacterial brown spot tolerance in our interspecies hybrid offspring from crosses between susceptible common bean and tepary. We would like to propose a continuation of the tepary bean genetics project and expand it to include direct collaboration with colleagues in Colombia and Puerto Rico to assess stress tolerance in progeny from crosses between common and tepary bean. We will investigate chilling tolerance and disease resistance in Saskatoon and heat and drought tolerance in Puerto Rico and Colombia. We would use the genomic resources generated under IMAP to map the tepary genome as well as assess the level of introgression of tepary genome in the most promising interspecies hybrids.

Diseases caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are an enormous production constraint to many crops across Alberta and the prairies. Recently two novel approaches to control of this disease have been identified and shown excellent promise in proof-of-concept trials. The results from this study will provide the evaluation needed for producers to utilize combinations of products already available that will give superior white mould control.

The three major objectives of this project are to: 1) determine the optimum row spacing and seeding rate for one Pinto and one Great Northern bean genotype with the best agronomic characteristics; 2) determine optimum nutrient requirements using urea and ESN (polymer coated slow release urea) fertilizer types and rates, including in-crop N applications with one genotype, with and without inoculant; and 3) determine optimum application practices for solid-seeded beans for white mould control. This experiment will be carried out at three locations: Vauxhall, Taber and Bow Island over three growing seasons.

The Alberta Pulse Growers sponsor the evaluation of recently registered varieties of peas, lentils, chickpeas, and dry beans. Sites are located throughout the province to provide regional data to assist with your varietal selections in future years.